Table 4 Associations between non-accidental mortality and overall NO2 and effect modification by age during follow-up.

From: Within- and between-city contrasts in nitrogen dioxide and mortality in 10 Canadian cities; a subset of the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC)

Effect modifiers

Deaths

HR per 5 p.p.b.

95% CI

Pc

 

n

%

   

None

80,660

100

1.05

1.04

1.07

—

Age during follow-up (years)

 <60

9900

12.3

1.14

1.11

1.18

—

 60–79

41,840

51.9

1.06

1.04

1.08

—

 80–89

28,920

35.9

0.99

0.97

1.01

—

      

0.000

  1. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
  2. Immigrant status, visible minority status, marital status, highest level of education, income quintile, occupational class and employment status.
  3. Percentage of adults without high school diploma, percentage of adults in lowest low-income cut-off quintile, percentage of recent immigrants and mean annual temperature.
  4. cP-value for Q-statistic (test for effect modification).
  5. All models stratified by age and sex, adjusted for personala and contextualb covaraites, with city-level REs.
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