Table 1 The main clinical characteristics of the patients with different degrees of renal dysfunction compared to those without kidney disease

From: Clinical correlates of renal dysfunction in hypertensive patients without cardiovascular complications: the REDHY study

 

No CKD (n=1329)

CKD 1 (n=164)

CKD 2 (n=178)

CKD 3 (n=139)

CKD 4 (n=42)

CKD 5 (n=4)

ANOVA or χ2-test (P)

Male gender (%)

51.7

61*

60.2*

54.3

42

50

0.019

Age (years)

45.9±13.2

40.1/13.7*

48.1±15.9

50.1±12.4*

56.8±14.5*

65.2±12.6*

<0.001

Current smokers (%)

29.9

37.8

31

25.2

26.2

25

NS

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

150.6±19.7

154.3±19.6*

157.1±24*

156.1±25.4*

159±25.9*

143.1±35.6

<0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

91.1±13.7

91.3±13.2

93.8±14.6*

91.6±17.8

96.3±20.3

83.3±20.7

0.003

Duration of hypertension (years)

5.7±6..2

6.3±6.2

7.1±7.6*

8.1±8.4*

6.8±7

7.8±5.7

<0.001

Body mass index (kg/m2)

27.6±3.5

27.9±3.9

28.4±3.6*

27.5±3.4

26.5±3.6

27.1±1.1

0.017

Waist circumference (cm)

94.1±10.5

94.9±11.7*

97±8.8*

93.1±11.4

89.9±11.4*

93.7±6.1

<0.001

Total cholesterol (mg per 100 ml)

205.4±40.6

203.7±45.2

212.9±45.9*

205±46.4

218.5±60

187.2±54.5

<0.001

HDL cholesterol (mg per 100 ml)

45.8±10.2

45.4±9.6

45±12.5

43.9±11.4

43±12

38.4±9.9

NS

Triglycerides (mg per 100 ml)

139.9±78.1

139.4±69.8

157.7±78.7*

135.5±64.6

179.2±102.4*

120±19.6

0.002

Glycaemia (mg per 100 ml)

92.8±12.4

92.9±11.9

94.4±12.5

90.4±14.2

93.7±13.4

92.8±21.5

NS

Serum uric acid (mg per 100 ml)

4.7±1.4

4.8±1.2

5.3±1.3*

6.4±1.7*

7±2.3*

8.9±2.1*

<0.001

Serum creatinine (mg per 100 ml)

0.85±0.18

0.77±0.14

0.99±0.16

1.43±0.32

2.56±0.58

6.4±2.2

<0.001

Estimated GFR (ml min−1 per 1.73 m2)

94.7±21.7

110.7±17.4

77.1±7.7

49.7±8.5

24.9±3.6

9.2±3.7

<0.001

Albumin excretion rate (μg min−1)

6.9 (4.2–10.6)

41.5 (28.1–73.9)*

36.6 (26–58.6)*

11.2 (5.2–45.5)*

82.3 (41.7–129.7)*

34.8 (25.8–42.8)*

<0.001

  1. Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.
  2. *Significantly different from the ‘No CKD’ group.
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