Table 2 Prevalence estimates of main investigated clinical conditions in all subjects and stratified by gender, and urban/rural locations

From: Relationship between hypertension, diabetes and proteinuria in rural and urban households in Yemen

Variables

All

Urban

Rural

Odd ratio rural vs urban (95% Cl)

    

Unadjusted

Adjusted

All

 Hypertension

7.7 (7.2–8.1)

7.5 (6.8–8.1)

7.8 (7.2–8.5)

1.08 (0.96–1.21)

1.23 (1.08–1.41)

 Diabetes

3.2 (2.9–3.5)

3.7 (3.3–4.2)

2.6 (2.2–3.0)

0.67 (0.56–0.80)

0.70 (0.58–0.85)

 High cholesterol

10.8 (10.1–11.4)

14.0 (12.9–15.0)

7.6 (6.8–8.4)

0.47 (0.42–0.53)

0.46 (0.41–0.52)

 Obesity

8.0 (7.4–8.5)

9.5 (8.7–10.4)

6.5 (5.8–7.1)

0.66 (0.58–0.75)

0.77 (0.66–0.89)

 Abdominal obesity

10.9 (10.2–11.5)

12.6 (11.7–13.6)

9.1 (8.3–9.9)

0.66 (0.59–0.74)

0.72 (0.62–0.82)

 Proteinuria

6.2 (5.6–6.8)

5.1 (4.4–5.9)

7.3 (6.4–8.1)

1.63 (1.38–1.93)

1.56 (1.31–1.86)

Men

 Hypertension

6.7 (6.1–7.3)

7.0 (6.0–7.9)

6.5 (5.6–7.3)

1.01 (0.85–1.20)

1.06 (0.87–1.29)

 Diabetes

2.9 (2.5–3.3)

3.5 (2.8–4.1)

2.4 (1.9–2.9)

0.70 (0.55–0.91)

0.77 (0.59–1.01)

 High cholesterol

8.5 (7.7–9.4)

11.2 (9.9–12.5)

5.9 (4.9–6.8)

0.46 (0.38–0.55)

0.46 (0.38–0.55)

 Obesity

5.4 (4.7–6.1)

6.0 (5.0–7.1)

4.8 (4.0–5.7)

0.86 (0.69–1.06)

1.07 (0.83–1.38)

 Abdominal obesity

2.2 (1.8–2.6)

2.8 (2.2–3.4)

1.6 (1.1–2.0)

0.52 (0.38–0.72)

0.51 (0.35–0.75)

 Proteinuria

7.0 (6.2–7.9)

5.6 (4.5–6.8)

8.5 (7.1–9.8)

1.79 (1.42–2.25)

1.76 (1.39–2.23)

Women

 Hypertension

8.6 (7.9–9.3)

8.1 (7.1–9.0)

9.2 (8.2–10.2)

1.14 (0.97–1.34)

1.37 (1.14–1.65)

 Diabetes

3.4 (3.0–3.9)

4.0 (3.4–4.7)

2.8 (2.2–3.4)

0.64 (0.50–0.82)

0.62 (0.48–0.81)

 High cholesterol

13.0 (11.9–14.0)

16.6 (15.0–18.3)

9.3 (8.0–10.5)

0.48 (0.41–0.56)

0.46 (0.39–0.55)

 Obesity

10.5 (9.7–11.4)

13.0 (11.6–14.4)

8.1 (7.0–9.1)

0.57 (0.49–0.67)

0.65 (0.54–0.79)

 Abdominal obesity

19.5 (18.4–20.7)

22.5 (20.7–24.2)

16.6 (15.1–18.1)

0.65 (0.58–0.74)

0.73 (0.63–0.85)

 Proteinuria

5.3 (4.6–6.1)

4.6 (3.7–5.6)

6.1 (5.0–7.2)

1.45 (1.13–1.86)

1.33 (1.03–1.73)

  1. Abbreviation: Cl, confidence limits.
  2. Hypertension, systolic blood pressure ⩾140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ⩾90 mm Hg at the two visits and/or self-reported use of antihypertensive drugs at the time of the interview; diabetes, fasting blood glucose ⩾126 mg dl−1 at both the visits or self-reported use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic medications at the time of the interview; high cholesterol, total cholesterol >190 mg dl−1; obesity, body mass index⩾30 kg m−2; abdominal obesity, waist circumference >102 cm in men and >88 cm in women; Proteinuria, ⩾+1 at dipstick urinalysis.
  3. Age-weighted rates to the 15–69-year-old Yemen population 2008 (mean, 95% Cl). Odds ratio (with 95% Cl) for the differences between rural and urban householders, unadjusted and adjusted for age, gender, education categories, hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity and abdominal obesity.
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