Table 1 Demographics of the GRAPHIC study subjects analysed partitioned by generation and sex

From: Determinants of day–night difference in blood pressure, a comparison with determinants of daytime and night-time blood pressure

Variable

Fathers (377)

Mothers (381)

Sons (398)

Daughters (406)

Age (years)

53.4 (4.4)

51.6 (4.3)

25.2 (5.0)

25.8 (5.4)

Night SBP (mm Hg)

110.1 (11.0)

104.5 (10.5)

110.4 (8.6)

103.3 (8.0)

Day SBP (mm Hg)

131.2 (12.6)

123.5 (11.9)

127.1 (8.6)

119.1 (8.3)

Night DBP (mm Hg)

66.3 (7.7)

61.7 (7.5)

60.0 (6.5)

58.1 (5.7)

Day DBP (mm Hg)

83.6 (7.9)

77.5 (8.1)

75.2 (7.4)

74.2 (6.1)

SBP percentage decline

13.1 (6.1)

15.2 (6.0)

13.1 (5.8)

13.1 (5.7)

DBP percentage decline

20.6 (7.3)

20.2 (7.2)

19.9 (7.8)

21.5 (7.4)

BMI (kg m−2)

27.3 (3.7)

26.5 (4.4)

24.6 (3.9)

24.3 (4.7)

Waist–hip ratio

0.92 (0.07)

0.81 (0.06)

0.86 (0.06)

0.78 (0.07)

Total cholesterol (mmol l−1)

5.7 (1.0)

5.9 (1.0)

4.7 (0.9)

4.7 (0.9)

LDL cholesterol (mmol l−1)

3.3 (0.7)

3.2 (0.7)

2.5 (0.7)

2.5 (0.6)

HDL cholesterol (mmol l−1)

1.3 (0.3)

1.6 (0.4)

1.3 (0.3)

1.5 (0.3)

Triglyceride (mmol l−1)

2.0 (1.1)

1.5 (0.8)

1.5 (0.8)

1.2 (0.5)

Serum albumin (g l−1)

44.5 (2.5)

44.4 (2.5)

47.0 (2.7)

44.7 (2.8)

Serum urate (μmol l−1)

314.1 (63.4)

221 (54.4)

314.8 (63.5)

215.1 (47.8)

Plasma glucose (mmol l−1)

5.3 (1.6)

5.1 (1.2)

4.9 (0.8)

4.7 (0.9)

Serum sodium (mmol l−1)

139.3 (2.0)

139.3 (2.1)

139.9 (2.0)

138.8 (1.9)

Serum potassium (mmol l−1)

4.4 (0.7)

4.3 (0.7)

4.4 (0.6)

4.3 (0.7)

Serum creatinine (μmol l−1)

93.6 (11.3)

76.9 (9.2)

89.7 (9.4)

75.7 (9.4)

eGFR ml min−1 per 1.73 m2

80.7 (11.4)

78.2 (11.1)

103.0 (12.4)

95.4 (13.9)

24-h Urine sodium (mmol)

91.5 (38.4)

65.9 (30.4)

107.4 (49.9)

96.0 (44.2)

24-h Urine potassium (mmol)

50.4 (20.6)

41.0 (15.7)

49.5 (22.0)

48.0 (22.9)

24-h Urine creatinine (mmol)

9.3 (3.9)

5.8 (2.8)

10.6 (5.0)

8.7 (4.2)

CRP mg l−1a

0.11 (0.10, 0.12)

0.12 (0.11, 0.13)

0.07 (0.06, 0.08)

0.11 (0.10, 0.12)

Alcohol units per week

14.6 (14.8)

7.2 (8.3)

17.4 (15.1)

6.6 (7.5)

Current smoker (%)b

51 (13.5)

47 (12.3)

104 (26.1)

99 (24.4)

  1. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GRAPHIC Study, Genetic Regulation of Arterial Pressure in Humans in the Community Study; HDL cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
  2. Quantitative data are presented as mean (s.d.).
  3. aCRP is presented as geometric mean (confidence interval) due to non-normality.
  4. bCurrent smoking is presented as number (percentage).
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