Figure 3
Time-dependent effect of TGF-b1, EGF, and IGF-1 on VEGF-A expression in HK-2 cells. HK-2 cells were starved for 48 h and were then exposed to 10 ng/ml TGF-b1, EGF, and IGF-1 for 8 and 32 h in the absence of any additional growth supplement. RNA was extracted using TRI reagent, and real-time PCR was performed using GAPDH as endogenous control. The control samples were arbitrarily set to 1, and the fold change of VEGF-A expression at each time point was calculated using the ΔΔCt method. The mean of three experiments and the standard deviation is shown. A two-sided pairwise t-test was calculated between each incubation time and the control. * Marks a P-value of <0.05.
