Table 1 Primer sequences for real-time quantitative PCR

From: DA-1229, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, protects against renal injury by preventing podocyte damage in an animal model of progressive renal injury

Target gene

Primer sequence (5' to 3')

GLP-1R, forward

GCCCATTCTCTTTGCTATCG

GLP-1R, reverse

GCCTTCAGTTTGGAGACCAC

PAI-1, forward

TCCTCATCCTGCCTAAGTTCTC

PAI-1, reverse

GTGCCGCTCTCGTTTACCTC

TGF-β1, forward

AGCCCGAAGCGGACTACTAT

TGF-β1, reverse

CTGTGTGAGATGTCTTTGGTTTTC

Col-IV, forward

GCTCTGGCTGTGGAAAATGT

Col-IV, reverse

CTTGCATCCCGGGAAATC

TLR4, forward

GGGAACAAACAGCCTGAGAC

TLR4, reverse

AGACCCATGAAATTGGCA T

HMG-CoA, forward

AGCCGAAGCAGCACATGAT

HMG-CoA, reverse

CTTGTGGAATGCCTTGTGATTG

ABCA1, forward

CGTTTCCGGGAAGTGTCCTA

ABCA1, reverse

GCTAGAGATGACAAGGAGGATGGA

TNF-α, forward

CCGATGGGTTGTACCTTGTC

TNF-α, reverse

GGCAGAGAGGAGGTTGACTTT

IL-1β, forward

CTCACAAGCAGAGCACAAGC

IL-1β, reverse

ACGGATTCCATGGTGAAGTC

MCP-1, forward

CTGGATCGGAACCAAATGAG

MCP-1, reverse

CGGGTCAACTTCACATTCAA

NOX4, forward

ATTTGGATAGGCTCCAGGCAAAC

NOX4, reverse

CACATGGGTATAAGCTTTGTGAGCA

IFN-γ, forward

GCGTCATTGAATCACACCTG

IFN-γ, reverse

TGAGCTCATTGAATGCTTGG

HMGB1, forward

AACCTGATGCAGCGAAAAAG

HMGB1, reverse

CCTCATCCTCTTCATCCTCCT

Oeteopontin, forward

GATGATGATGACGATGGAGACC

Osteopontin, reverse

CGACTGTAGGGACGATTGGAG

E-cadherin, forward

CAAGGACAGCCTTCTTTTCG

E-cadherin, reverse

TGGACTTCAGCGTCACTTTG

FSP-1, forward

CCTCTCTACAACCCCTCTCT-

FSP-1, reverse

GGACACCATCACATCCAG

α-SMA, forward

CTGACAGAGGCACCACTGAA

α-SMA, reverse

CATCTCCAGAGTCCAGCACA

β-Actin, forward

GGACTCCTATGTGGGTGACG

β-Actin, reverse

CTTCTCCATGTCGTCCCAGT

  1. Abbreviations: ABCA1, ATP-binding cassette transporter-1; Col-IV, type IV collagen; FSP-1, fibroblast-specific protein 1; GLP-1R, glucargon-like peptide-1 receptor; HMGB1, high-mobility group protein B1; HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase; IFN-γ, interferon-gamma; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1; NOX4, NADPH oxidase 4; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α. In this experiment, each sample was run in triplicate, and the corresponding non-reverse transcribed mRNA samples were used as negative controls. The mRNA level of each sample was normalized to that of β-actin mRNA.
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