Table 1 Physical and biochemical parameters in experimental animals
From: APX-115, a first-in-class pan-NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor, protects db/db mice from renal injury
Parameters | Week | db/m | db/m +APX-115 | db/db | db/db +GKT | db/db +APX-115 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body weight (g) | 0 | 25.7±1.4 | 25.9±1.4 | 35.1±3.5a | 34.5±3.5a | 36.1±2.8a |
4 | 29.7±0.7 | 28.8±1.3 | 44.0±4.9a | 38.3±5.1a | 43.4±3.7a | |
8 | 30.4±1.4 | 30.8±1.8 | 50.7±7.6a | 42.2±7.5a | 49.2±4.8a | |
12 | 32.1±1.1 | 31.2±1.8 | 53.8±8.9a | 42.4±7.7a | 52.2±6.4a | |
Food intake (g/d) | 0 | 3.4±0.3 | 3.1±0.2 | 6.4±0.2a | 6.7±0.4a | 6.6±0.5a |
4 | 3.7±0.3 | 3.2±0.1 | 6.1±0.6a | 6.1±0.9a | 6.4±0.3a | |
8 | 3.4±0.1 | 3.3±0.2 | 5.8±1.1a | 5.5±0.9a | 5.9±0.6a | |
12 | 2.8±0.1 | 2.8±0.1 | 5.5±1.0a | 5.7±0.5a | 6.3±0.5a, | |
Water intake (g/d) | 0 | 4.7±0.2 | 4.4±0.4 | 12.2±2.1a | 13.6±1.4a | 12.0±1.4a |
4 | 4.2±0.1 | 3.6±0.2 | 18.1±1.2a | 24.9±4.0 a,b | 21.6±2.9a | |
8 | 3.6±0.3 | 3.7±0.7 | 20.7±1.6a | 23.8±4.3 a,b | 20.7±4.9a | |
12 | 3.3±0.5 | 2.5±0.3 | 17.5±4.6a | 24.2±5.5 a,b | 21.1±4.3 a,b | |
Urine volume (ml/d) | 0 | 1.2±0.4 | 1.1±0.5 | 2.4±1.1a | 2.3±0.6a | 2.5±0.7a |
4 | 1.8±0.5 | 1.7±0.6 | 4.9±2.9a | 4.0±1.8a | 4.5±1.5a | |
8 | 1.6±0.6 | 1.5±0.7 | 5.1±1.3a | 5.2±2.1a | 7.7±2.6 a,b | |
12 | 1.8±0.6 | 1.7±0.4 | 5.1±3.5a | 6.3±2.1a | 5.7±2.3a | |
Fasting | 0 | 133±19 | 140±11 | 411±73a | 421±104a | 409±99a |
blood glucose | 4 | 146±27 | 134±17 | 554±94a | 478±180a | 514±57a |
(mg/dl) | 8 | 146±15 | 119±12 | 536±155a | 462±152a | 535±48a |
12 | 152±17 | 154±4 | 497±195a | 612±249a | 612±156a | |
HbA1c | 0 | 4.3±0.3 | 4.4±0.3 | 7.8±0.9a | 8.1±1.5a | 7.7±1.3a |
4 | 4.6±0.4 | 4.5±0.2 | 8.6±0.5a | 8.9±2.5a | 8.7±0.4a | |
8 | 4.5±0.4 | 4.5±0.4 | 11.0±1.8a | 10.1±2.8a | 10.4±1.2a | |
12 | 4.6±0.3 | 4.5±0.4 | 9.7±2.8a | 9.6±2.7a | 10.0±1.5a | |
Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 12 | 107±8 | 102±10 | 94±5a | 97±10a | 94±7a |