Figure 1 | Light: Science & Applications

Figure 1

From: Optical delivery of multiple opsin-encoding genes leads to targeted expression and white-light activation

Figure 1

Targeted ultrafast laser-assisted opsin delivery setup and beam parameters. (a) Optoporation setup. L1, Ti:sapphire laser; BE, beam expander; S1–S3, shutters; P, polarizer; FL, fluorescence excitation; Ex/Em, excitation/emission filters; MO, microscope objective; WL, white-light source; CL, condenser lens; DM1 and DM2, dichroic mirrors; M, mirror. (b) Laser spot measured at the focal plane. Scale bar: 10 µm. (c) Intensity distribution in the XZ plane in the focal volume (wavelength: 850 nm, focused by an objective with NA = 1.4). (d) Schematic illustration of the optical delivery of opsin-encoding plasmids to target cells (lightning symbol) leading to selective opsin expression (detected by a fluorescent reporter protein).

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