Figure 1

Schematic diagram of the OLEDs used in this study and the device operational mechanism. (a) The conventional OLED with a structure of ITO/TCTA:MoO3(70 nm)/TCTA(10 nm)/TCTA: Ir(ppy)2(acac)(20 nm)/TPBi(10 nm)/TPBi:Li2CO3(40 nm)/Al(120 nm). (b) The organic heterojunction-based OLED with a structure of ITO/C60(20 nm)/pentacene(10 nm)/TCTA:MoO3(70 nm)/TCTA(10 nm)/TCTA: Ir(ppy)2(acac)(20 nm)/TPBi(10 nm)/TPBi:Li2CO3(40 nm)/C60(20 nm)/pentacene(10 nm)/Al(120 nm). We note that the conventional device shown here is under its optimum structure.