Table 2 Hemagglutination inhibition activity in the lungs is only induced by immunization with extremely low doses of influenza antigen when delivered via the lung with adjuvant

From: Pulmonary delivery of ISCOMATRIX influenza vaccine induces both systemic and mucosal immunity with antigen dose sparing

  

HAI titer (geometric mean±s.d.)

  

Serum

Bronchoalveolar lavage

Route

Vaccine

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

S/C

15 μg flu

<10

43±3

40±3

<10

<10

<10

S/C

0.04 μg flu

<10

19±2

23±3

<10

<10

<10

S/C

0.04 μg flu+IMX

16±2*,§

320±2*,§

123±3§

<10

<10

<10

Lung

0.04 μg flu

<10

<10#

<10#

<10

<10

<10

Lung

0.04 μg flu+IMX

<10

13±2#

122±4§

13±2

13±2

55±4*,§

  1. In a single experiment, sheep (n=8) were immunized three times either subcutaneously (S/C) or via the lungs with influenza antigen (flu) with or without 100 μg ISCOMATRIX adjuvant (IMX). Control sheep (n=8) received 15 μg influenza antigen S/C. Sera and bronchoalveolar lavage were collected after each immunization and analyzed for hemagglutination inhibition activity (HAI). Data are expressed as the titer of sample that inhibited influenza agglutination of red blood cells. Preimmunization samples were negative for HAI activity (not shown). For analysis of significance, data were log transformed and compared by ANOVA with Dunnett's post hoc analysis. #Significantly lower than subcutaneous control (P<0.03). *Significantly higher than subcutaneous control (P<0.002). §Significantly higher than group receiving unadjuvanted antigen via the same route of delivery (P<0.04).
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