Figure 2
From: Negative regulation of human mononuclear phagocyte function
Inhibitory molecules operate by numerous mechanisms to limit pattern-recognition receptor (PRR)-induced macrophage functions. Intracellular inhibitors regulate inflammatory responses on multiple levels by interfering with PRR-initiated signaling. Selected mechanisms of action of intracellular inhibitors are also summarized in Table 2. Inflammatory intermediates are indicated in green and inhibitory molecules in red. ABIN, A20 binding inhibitor of NF-κB; ERK, extracellular signal–regulated kinase; GAS, growth-arrest specific; IFNR, interferon receptor; IRF, interferon regulatory factor; ITAM, immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motif; JAK, Janus tyrosine kinase; MKP, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase; MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88; NF-κB, nuclear factor κB; NLR, nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; SHIP, SH2-containing inositol 5′-phosphatase; SOCS, suppressor of cytokine signaling; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TRAF, TNF receptor–associated factor.
