Figure 2
From: The TNF-family cytokine TL1A promotes allergic immunopathology through group 2 innate lymphoid cells
Commensal bacteria are not required for TL1A-driven small intestinal pathology. (a) CD2-TL1A transgenic (Tg) mice were treated with a quadruple antibiotic regimen for 3 months. Representative transverse histological ileum sections stained with Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) from 12-week-old mice. Scale bar=100 μm. Mucosal thickness and goblet cell area are shown at right for 3–6 mice per group with each dot representing the average within a group (mean±s.e.m.) with significance from the Mann–Whitney test (*P<0.05, ***P<0.001). (b) Interleukin-13 (IL-13) mRNA from ileal tissue was quantitated by qRT-PCR, normalized to β2m expression and shown relative to expression levels in untreated WT mice. Data represent mean±s.e.m with significance from the unpaired t-test (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001). (c) Total DNA isolated from mouse fecal matter. (d) The percentage of memory CD4+ cells (CD44hiCD62Llo) in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes measured by flow cytometry. Data shown are the mean±s.e.m. for 3–6 mice per group.
