Figure 6
From: Retinoic acid primes human dendritic cells to induce gut-homing, IL-10-producing regulatory T cells
Retinoic acid (RA) induces gut-homing, IL-10-producing effector CD4+ T cells. (a) Naive CD4+ T cells were stimulated with RA-DC in the presence or absence of TGF-β (10 ng ml−1) and the expression of Foxp3 (a) and IL-10 (b) was determined. (c–f) Naive Th cells were stimulated by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 in the indicated conditions and analyzed for Foxp3 or IL-10 expression. (c) Effect of RA and IL-12 on IL-10 production, expressed as fold induction compared with untreated T cells. (d) The effect of RA and TGF-β on IL-10 production, expressed as fold reduction compared with RA-treated condition. (e) The effect of RA and TGF-β on Foxp3. FACS plots (left) are representative of five independent experiments. A pile up of five experiments (right) shows percentages of Foxp3+ T cells with or without one concentration of RA (1 μM) and TGF-β (1 ng ml−1). (f) Effect of IL-12 and RA on IFN-γ production. Results are a representative out of three (a, b), six (c, right panel), five (e, left panel), or the mean±s.e.m. of six (c, left panel), four (d), five (e, right panel), or six (f) independent experiments. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.01. DCs, dendritic cells; FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; IL, interleukin; MoDC, monocyte-derived DC; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β.
