Figure 3
From: Intestinal FoxO signaling is required to survive oral infection in Drosophila
Effects of ectopic activation of intestinal NF-κB- or FoxO-dependent signaling on the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes. Using an inducible expression system (TARGET system) targeted to the intestine, NF-κB- or FoxO-dependent signaling was induced in the intestine, and the effect of this intervention on the expression of selected antimicrobial peptide genes was quantified. Ectopic expression of the different signaling pathways was induced by shifting animals from the restrictive (19 °C, white bars) to the permissive temperature (29 °C, black bars) and measuring the transcript levels using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) with material from control animals (19 °C) and induced ones (29 °C). Ectopic activation of FoxO signaling was achieved by overexpression of FoxO (a); PGRP-LE was used to activate the IMD pathway in all completely immune-competent cells (containing PGRP-LC (b)); and PGRP-LC was used to activate the IMD pathway independent on the presence of this pattern recognition receptor (c). In d, a constitutively active spaetzle (spz) was used to induce Toll signaling in the intestine (d). Shown are the mean values of three to four biological replicates±s.e.m. *P<0.05, **P<0.001, t-test.
