Figure 4

Nanoparticles for temperature and chemical sensing. (a) Fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles sensing temperature distribution within single cells. (b) Fluorescent nanoparticles reveal local heat production near mitochondria. (a and b) reproduced with permission from Ref. 18. (c) Nanodiamonds sensing subcellular temperature gradients controlled by laser heating a gold nanoparticle. Reproduced with permission from Ref. 71. (d) pH sensors with core-shell architectures for ratiometric measurements. Reproduced with permission from Ref. 72.