Figure 8
From: Towards uniformly oriented diatom frustule monolayers: Experimental and theoretical analyses
Frustules breaching the water–air interface and corresponding velocity field (unit m s−1). Gray curves indicate the water–air interface. All frustules were released with 0 velocity. (a) The initial tilt angle (θ(0)) of the frustule was 90°. (b) The rising of a concave-down frustule with an initial angle of 45°. In (a) and (b), both frustules passed through the interface and eventually reoriented to a concave-down configuration. (c) The rising of a concave-up frustule with an initial angle of 45°, which ultimately ended on the water’s surface with a concave-up configuration.
