Table 3 Genetic alterations (LOH and MSI) in cancerous and non-cancerous breast tissues

From: Macro-environment of breast carcinoma: frequent genetic alterations in the normal appearing skins of patients with breast cancer

Case

Invasive carcinoma

Ductal carcinoma in situ

Normal epithelium (at a distant from cancer)

Stroma close to invasive carcinoma

Normal stroma (at a distant from cancer)

Epidermis

Dermis

 1

 2

 3

 4

 5

 6

 7

 8

 9

• ♦

10

• ♦

11

12

• ♦

• ♦

  1. •, LOH (loss of heterozygosity); ♦, MSI (microsatellite instability); —, no change.
  2. All changes are presented with at least one polymorphic DNA marker.