Table 2 Causative agents in oral lichenoid reactions
From: Oral lichenoid lesions: distinguishing the benign from the deadly
Antianxiety/psychotropic agents | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
Benzodiazepine | Aspirin |
Lithium | Diclofenac |
Tricyclic antidepressants | Ibuprofen |
Antibiotics | Indomethacin |
Isoniazid | Naproxen |
Rifampin | Miscellaneous |
Streptomycin | Allopurinol |
Tetracycline | Bismuth |
Anticonvulsants | Dapsone |
Carbamazepine | Gold salts |
Phenytoin | Penicillamine |
Valproate | Sulfasalazine |
Antidiabetics | Statins |
Insulin | Fluvastatin |
Sulfonylureas | Lovastatin |
Glipizide, Glyburide | Pravastatin |
Tolbutamide | Simvastatin |
Antifungals | Dental metals |
Amphotericin B | 0.1% Mercury chloride |
Ketoconazole | 1% Ammoniated mercury |
Antihypertensives | Beryllium |
Atenolol | Bismuth |
Captopril | Chromium |
Chlorothiazide | Cobalt |
Enalapril | Copper |
Furosemide | Gold |
Hydroclorothiazide | Metallic mercury |
Metoprolol | Nickel |
Propranolol | Palladium |
Antimalarials | Silver |
Chloroquine | Tin |
Hydroxychloroquine | Other dental materials |
Quinacrine | Acrylate compounds |
Quinidine | Composite |
Antiretrovirals | Glass ionomer |
Zidovudine | Porcelain |
Biologic agents | Flavoring agents |
Obinutuzumab | Balsam of Peru |
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitors | Cinnamon (cinnamic aldehyde) |
Infliximab | Eugenol |
Certolizumab | Menthol |
Etanercept | Mint (mentha piperita) |
Abatacept | Tartar control toothpaste |
