Figure 2
From: Evidence for spleen dysfunction in malaria-HIV co-infection in a subset of pediatric patients
Histological differences in parasites in the spleen of HIV-positive vs HIV-negative patients. Image panels of histological sections from spleens of HIV-positive (a, c and e) and HIV-negative (b, d and f) cases. H&E stained de-pigmented sections (× 400) reveal a large number of free parasites, labeled in blue with hematoxylin (arrow), in the HIV+ spleen (a), compared with a large number of phagocytosed parasites (arrow) in the HIV− spleen (b) (color differences in red cells represent variability in tissue processing and staining). Immunohistochemistry with CD163 labeling (macrophages, blue) sections (shown at × 50) also reveal free parasites (arrow) in the HIV+ spleen, as seen by small distributed hemozoin pigment (c) compared with the HIV− spleen (d) showing a large amount of clumped hemozoin phagocytosed by macrophages (shown in turquoise, arrow). Immunohistochemistry with pLDH labeling (parasites, red) and hematoxylin counterstain revealing large trophozoite-stage parasites distributed across the spleen (arrow) in HIV+ case (e), compared with a phagocytosed parasite (arrow) in a macrophage in the HIV− case (f). In panels (b) and (f) where macrophages were not labeled with a specific marker, macrophages were identified morphologically and labeled ‘MP’.
