Table 1 Demographic, clinical and imaging characteristics in adolescents with subthreshold bipolar symptoms compared with controls
Subjects’ characteristics | Subthreshold bipolars (n=42) | Controls (n=126) | Test | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
χ2(7, N=168) | ||||
Subjects (%) in each centera | 11.9, 9.5, 2.3, 16.6, 14.3, 14.3, 14.2, 16.6 | 7.1, 15.8, 11.1, 12.6, 11.1, 15.8, 9.5, 16.6 | 5.78 | 0.56 |
Gender (females/males) | 27/15 | 77/49 | 0.03 | 0.85 |
Handedness (% right) | 87.50 | 89.43 | 0.002 | 0.96 |
Mean (s.d.) | Mean (s.d.) | t(166) | ||
Age (years) | 14.58 (0.44) | 14.56 (0.39) | 0.27 | 0.78 |
PDS score | 3.20 (0.43) | 2.95 (0.59) | 2.43 | 0.02 |
IQ score | 109 (13) | 107 (11) | 0.48 | 0.63 |
SDQ: Total difficulties score | 13.5 0 (5.37) | 7.89 (3.91) | 7.28 | 1.26 × 10−5 |
SDQ: Emotional symptoms score | 3.11 (2.53) | 1.92 (1.55) | 3.64 | 3.59 × 10−4 |
SDQ: Conduct problems score | 3.16 (1.83) | 1.29 (1.18) | 7.66 | 1.40 × 10−12 |
SDQ: Hyperactivity score | 5.30 (2.60) | 3.33 (1.90) | 5.27 | 4.03 × 10−7 |
SDQ: Peer problems score | 1.90 (1.70) | 1.34 (1.43) | 2.07 | 0.04 |
SDQ: Prosocial score | 7.45 (1.72) | 8.04 (1.41) | 2.23 | 0.03 |
SDQ: Impact score | 0.90 (1.35) | 0.05 (0.29) | 6.61 | 4.94 × 10−10 |
Subthreshold bipolars (n=30) | Controls (n=106) | |||
Mean (s.d.) | Mean (s.d.) | F(1,131) | ||
TIV (cm3)b | 1559.20 (120.50) | 1583.50 (130.70) | 0.003 | 0.95 |
Gray matter (% of TIV)b | 46.40 (1.40) | 47.30 (1.20) | 6.77 | 0.01 |
White matter (% of TIV)b | 29.50 (1.30) | 29.90 (1.00) | 0.91 | 0.33 |
Cerebrospinal fluid (% of TIV)b | 23.90 (2.20) | 22.70 (1.80) | 5.26 | 0.02 |
Subthreshold bipolars (n=25) | Controls (n=77) | |||
Mean (s.d.) | Mean (s.d.) | F(1,96) | ||
Mean diffusivitybc | 0.727 (0.025) | 0.726 (0.017) | 0.45 | 0.50 |
Fractional anisotropyb | 0.438 (0.020) | 0.442 (0.019) | 6.09 | 0.02 |
Axial diffusivitybc | 1.104 (0.034) | 1.109 (0.027) | 0.74 | 0.39 |
Radial diffusivitybc | 0.538 (0.025) | 0.534 (0.019) | 2.31 | 0.13 |
