Table 2 Brain glutamate concentrations and plasma and CSF inflammatory markers

From: Conceptual convergence: increased inflammation is associated with increased basal ganglia glutamate in patients with major depression

Variable

Value (mean±s.d.)

Absolute glutamate concentrations

 dACC glutamate (n=45)

8.99±1.67 (mmol kg−1)

 Left basal glutamate (n=44)

6.53±0.93 (mmol kg−1)

 

Plasma (n=50)

CSF (n=43)

Immune markers

 CRP

2.38±2.35 (mg l−1)

11.64±14.44 (ng ml−1)

 IL6

1.70±1.18 (pg ml−1)

2.69±1.35 (pg ml−1)

 sIL6R

15.75±3.38 (ng ml−1)

709.62±366.29 (pg ml−1)

 TNF-α

5.58±2.25 (pg ml−1)

1.30±0.41 (pg ml−1)

 sTNFR2

2.50±0.90 (ng ml−1)

120.58±65.86 (pg ml−1)

 IL1beta

0.42±0.22 (pg ml−1)

0.37±0.24 (pg ml−1)

 IL1ra

1.75±2.31 (ng ml−1)

9.88±17.82 (pg ml−1)

 MCP-1

131.78±51.92 (pg ml−1)

276.16±94.89 (pg ml−1)

 IL-10

0.6±0.6 (pg ml−1)

0.5±0.17 (pg ml−1)

  1. Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; dACC, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-10, interleukin 10; IL1β, interleukin 1β; IL1ra, interleukin 1-receptor antagonist; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; sIL6R, soluble interleukin 6 receptor; sTNFR2, soluble TNF receptor type 2; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.