Table 1 eQTL studies in human braina

From: Molecular mechanisms underlying noncoding risk variations in psychiatric genetic studies

Study

No. of individuals

Tissue source

No. of tissue samples

Neuropathology

Age

Gender

Ethnicity

Expression detection methods

Gibbs et al.34 (part of GTEx pilot)

150

Caudal pons

142

Neurologically normal controls

15–101; mean 46.2

69% Male and 31% female

Caucasian

Microarray (Illumina Human Ref-8 Expression)

  

Cerebellum

143

     
  

frontal cortex

143

     
  

Temporal cortex

144

     

Ramasamy et al.38 (UKBEC)

134

Occipital cortex

129

Neurologically normal controls

16–102; mean 59

74.5% Male and 25.5% female

Caucasian

Microarray (Affymetrix Huamn ST 1.0)

  

Frontal cortex

127

     
  

Temporal cortex

119

     
  

Hippocampus

122

     
  

Intralobular white matter

131

     
  

Cerebellar cortex

130

     
  

Thalamus

124

     
  

Putamen

129

     
  

Substantia nigra

101

     
  

Medulla

119

     

Colantuoni et al.32 (BrainCloud)

269

Dorsolateral Pre frontal cortex

269

Neurological normal controls

Fetal 80 mean 27.8

66% Male and 34% female

147 African-American; 112 Caucasian; 6 Hispanic; 4 Asian

Microarray (Illumina Human 49K Oligo array)

Liu et al.41

127

Prefrontal cortex

127

39 Bipolar disorder; 37 schizophrenia; 11 major depression; 40 controls

20–65; median 45

65% Male and 35% female

Caucasian

Microarray (Affymetrix Human Genome U133A)

Myers et al.42

193

Cortex (pooled data from 20% frontal, 70% temporal and 1% parietal)

193

Neurological normal controls

65–100; average 81

54% Male and 46% female

Caucasian

Microarray (Illumina Human Refseq-8)

Webster et al.43

364

Cortex (pooled from 21% frontal, 73% temporal, 2% parietal and 3% cerebellar)

188

Neurological normal controls

65–100; average 81

55% Male and 45% female

Caucasian

Microarray (Illumina Human Refseq-8)

  

Cortex (pooled from 18% frontal, 60% temporal, 10% parietal and 13% cerebellar)

176

Patients with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease

68–102; average 84

50% Male and 50% female

Caucasian

 

Heinzen et al. 40 (SNPExpress)

93

Frontal cortex

93

Neurological normal controls

34–90; mean 74

59% Male and 41% female

Caucasian

Microarray (Affymetrix Huamn ST 1.0)

Zou et al. 44

~400

Cerebellum

197

Patients with Alzheimer’s disease

Mean±s.d.; 73.6±5.6

49% Male and 51% female

Caucasian

Microarray (Illumina HumanHT−12 v4.0)

   

177

Patients with other brain pathologies

Mean ± s.d.; 71.7 ± 5.5

64% Male and 36% female

Caucasian

 
  

Temporal cortex

202

Patients with Alzheimer’s disease

Mean±s.d.; 73.6±5.5

47% Male and 53% female

Caucasian

 
   

197

Patients with other brain pathologies

Mean±s.d.; 71.6±5.6

60% Male and 40% female

Caucasian

 

GTEx, v635, 36

72–103

Anterior cingulate caudate, caudate (basal ganglia), cerebellar hemisphere, cerebellum, cortex, frontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens (basal ganglia), putamen (basal ganglia)

NA

Neurological normal controls

NA

NA

NA

RNA-sequencing (polyA)

UKBEC (unpublished)

65–105

Substantia nigra, putamen

NA

Neurological normal controls

NA

NA

Caucasian

RNA-sequencing

Lieber Institute (unpublished)

>700

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, hippocampus

NA

Patients with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, and neurological normal controls

NA

NA

NA

RNA-sequencing

CommonMind consortium39

537

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

537

258 Patients with schizophrenia; 279 controls

NA

NA

Caucasian 80.7%; African-American 14.7%; Hispanic 7.7%; East Asian 0.6%

RNA-sequencing (RiboZero)

  1. Abbreviations: GTEx, Genotype-Tissue Expression; eQTL, expression quantitative trait locus; NA, not available; UKBEC, United Kingdom Brain Expression Consortium.
  2. Websites: GTEx http://www.gtexportal.org/home/.
  3. UKBEC http://www.braineac.org/.
  4. BrainCloud http://braincloud.jhmi.edu/BrainCloud64/BrainCloud64bit.htm.
  5. SNPExpress http://igm.cumc.columbia.edu/SNPExpress/.
  6. CommonMind http://commonmind.org/WP/.
  7. aNonexhaustive list of examples.