Figure 2
The insulin signaling (IS) pathway is upregulated in dfmr1 mutant brains. (a) Dilp2 protein levels in the insulin-producing cell (IPC) cell bodies of dfmr1 mutant brains are higher compared with that in controls (dfmr1 mutants containing a WTrescue transgene, which expresses dfmr1 at wild-type levels). DE-cadherin was used as a staining control. (b) Quantification reveals that Dilp2 is significantly increased in dfmr1 mutants (P<0.001). (c) The GFP-PH reporter is more localized to the membrane in the cells of dfmr1 mutant than in controls. Brains were imaged on their posterior side in the mushroom body calyx region. (d) Quantification of reporter distribution shown as a ratio of membrane/cytoplasm fluorescence. Dfmr1 mutants show a significantly higher ratio (P<0.05). The membrane/fluorescence ratio was also calculated for the DE-cadherin staining control and was found to be the same in both genotypes (not shown). (e) A notable decrease in p-S505-Akt levels is observed in dfmr1 mutants that have dfmr1 expressed in the IPCs. (f) Quantification of p-S505-Akt fluorescence reveals that dfmr1 mutants expressing dfmr1 in the IPCs show significantly lower p-S505-Akt fluorescence compared with either dfmr1 mutant control with the driver or UAS-construct alone (P<0.001 and P<0.05). p-S505-Akt fluorescence was normalized to DE-cadherin fluorescence. All images in this figure are representative of quantification.
