Table 1 Astrocytes in postmortem schizophrenia brain
From: Postmortem evidence of cerebral inflammation in schizophrenia: a systematic review
Author | Brain bank | n | Sex (m/f) | Age | Death from suicide | Brain region | Technique | Inflammatory markers | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Altshuler et al.48 | SFNC | scz 9 ctr 14 | scz 5/4 ctr 8/6 | scz 45 ctr 47 | scz 3 | Basolateral nucleus of the amygdala | IHC | GFAP | ↔ |
Arnold et al.45 | Prospective study | scz 7* scz+d 14# ctr 12 | scz 3/4 scz+d 6/8 ctr 5/7 | scz 74 scz+d 82 ctr 75 | NA | EC*, SB#, CA3*, CA1*, DG*, MFC*, OFC#, VC* | IHC | GFAP#, VIM* | ↔*↑# |
Arnold et al.46 | Prospective study | scz 23 ctr 14 | scz 8/15 ctr 6/8 | scz 80 ctr 75 | NA | EC (BA 28) CA1 HPC, SB MFC (BA9 and 46), OFC (BA11), CL (BA17) | IHC | GFAP | ↔ |
Barley et al.74 | SFNC | Varies across brain regions | Varies across brain regions | Varies across brain regions | NA | AVN, PU, IC, MTN | PCR | GFAP, ALDH1 | ↑ |
Beasley et al.59 | NYSPIBC | scz 15 ctr 13 | scz 9/6 ctr 10/3 | scz 54 ctr 51 | None | Anterior limb of internal capsule | ELISA | GFAP | ↔ |
Casanova et al.80 | NC | scz 6 ctr 7 | scz 4/2 ctr 4/3 | scz 39 ctr 61 | NA | DG, PP | Holzer’s Technique | Astrocytes | ↔ |
Catts et al.75 | NSWTRC | scz 37 ctr 37 | scz 24/13 ctr 30/7 | scz 51 ctr 51 | scz 8 | DLPFC (BA46) | PCR, IHC, WB | GFAP | ↔ |
Damadzic et al.54 | (1) CBDBNIMH (2) SFNC | Study (1) scz 7 ctr 8 study (2) scz 14 ctr 15 | Study (1) scz 3/4 ctr 3/5 study (2) scz 9/5 ctr 9/6 | Study 1 scz 49 ctr 47 study 2 scz 46 ctr 48 | Study 1 scz 3 ctr 1 study 2 scz 3 | EC | IHC | GFAP | ↔ |
Dean et al.62 | NA | scz 20 ctr 20 | scz 13/7 ctr 13/7 | scz 56 ctr 56 | NA | BA9, 10, 40, 46 | WB, PCR | S100b, GFAP | ↔ |
Falkai et al.49 | DBC | scz 33 ctr 26 | scz 14/19 ctr 13/13 | scz 54 ctr 53 | scz 4 | PMC, SB, EC, IH, SVZ3V | IHC | GFAP | ↔ |
Falke et al.50 | Prospective study | scz 12 ctr 11 | scz 3/9 ctr 7/4 | Scz 81 ctr 78 | NA | MTN, CT | IHC | GFAP | ↔ |
Fatemi et al.60 | SFNC | scz 15 ctr 15 | scz 9/6 ctr 9/6 | scz 44 ctr 48 | scz 4 | lateral CB | WB | GFAP | ↔ |
Feresten et al.65 | SMRIAC | scz 35 ctr 35 | scz 26/9 ctr 26/9 | scz 43 ctr 44 | scz 7 | DLPFC (BA9) | WB | GFAP#, VIM*, ALDH1L1*, EAAT* | ↔* ↑# |
Hercher et al.55 | SMRIAC | scz 20 ctr 20 | scz 13/7 ctr 14/6 | scz 45 ctr 45 | scz 4 | DLPFC (BA9) | IHC | GFAP | ↔ |
Hwang et al.77 | SFNC, SMRIAC | scz 33 ctr 34 | scz 23/10 ctr 23/11 | scz 44 ctr 46 | NA | HPC | PCR, IHC | APOL1, ADORA2A | ↑ |
Karson et al.61 | DCMEO | scz 25 ctr 28 | scz 22/3 ctr 22/6 | scz 34 ctr 35 | scz 16 ctr 8 | FC, TC, OC, CB, TH, pons | WB | GFAP | ↔ |
Karson et al.63 | NA | scz 14 ctr 12 | scz 13/1 ctr 11/1 | scz 65 ctr 67 | NA | PFC (BA10) | WB, northern blot | GFAP | ↔ |
Katsel et al.58 | NA | scz 18 ctr 21 | scz 10/8 ctr 10/11 | scz 78 ctr 77 | scz 0 | Cingulate cortex (BA24/32) | PCR | GFAP #, S100b*, VIM#, EAAT2*, ALDH1L1#, AQP4*, DIO*, GS*, THBS4*, GL# | ↓*↔# (deep layer only) |
Kolomeets et al.83 | ADMPH | scz 19 ctr 16 | scz 11/8 ctr 11/5 | scz 54 ctr 56 | NA | HPC | Electron microscope | Astrocytes | ↔ |
Markova et al.72 | NA | scz 12 ctr 10 | NA | scz 62 ctr NA | NA | Olfactory tubercle | IHC | GFAP | ↑ |
Pakkenberg82 | NA | scz 12 ctr 12 | scz 8/4 ctr 66 | scz 63 ctr 62 | NA | MTN*, AG#, NAS*, PL# | Nissl | Astrocytes | ↓*↔# |
Pantazopoulos et al.47 | HBTRC | scz 11 ctr 15 | scz 7/4 ctr 10/5 | scz 62 ctr 66 | scz 1 | AG, EC | IHC | GFAP | ↔ |
Perrone-Bizzozero et al.64 | HBTRC | scz 17 ctr 18 | scz 17/0 ctr 18/0 | scz 44 ctr 48 | scz 4 ctr 2 | VC (BA17,20) PFC (BA9,10) | WB | GFAP | ↔ |
Radewicz et al.53 | Prospective study | scz 12 ctr 11 | NA | scz 80 ctr 72 | NA | DLPFC (BA9), ACC (BA24), superior TC (BA22) | IHC | GFAP | ↔ |
Rajkowska et al.70 | CCCO | scz 9 ctr 15 | scz 2/7 ctr 10/5 | scz 47 ctr 47 | scz 3 | DLPFC (BA9) | IHC | GFAP | ↑ (layer V only) |
Rao et al.73 | HBTRC | scz 10 ctr 10 | scz 6/4 ctr 7/3 | scz 59 ctr 49 | NA | FC (BA10) | IHC, PCR, WB | GFAP | ↑ |
Roberts et al.43 | VIBR | scz 5 ctr 7 | scz 1/4 ctr 4/3 | scz 39 ctr 51 | NA | TL, PC, PU, CT, AG, HPC, TH | IHC | GFAP | ↔ |
Roberts et al.44 | Runwell series 1 brain collection | scz 18 ctr 12 | scz 14/4 ctr 9/3 | scz 69. ctr 55 | NA | TL | IHC | GFAP | ↔ |
Schmitt et al.81 | DBC | scz 10 ctr 10 | scz 5/5 ctr 5/5 | scz 55 ctr 50 | scz 1 | CA1,2/3,4, SB | Cresyl violet | Astrocytes | ↔ |
Steffek et al.66 | MSMC, BVAMC | scz 23 ctr 27 | scz 16/7 ctr 14/13 | scz 72 ctr 79 | None | DLPFC#, VC#, ACC*, HPC#, temporal gyrus# | WB | GFAP | ↓*↔# |
Steiner et al.79 | MBC | p scz 9* r scz 9# ctr 16 | p scz 5/4 r scz 4/5 ctr 7/9 | p scz 56 r scz 54 ctr 56 | p scz 3 r scz 2 | ACC*, DLPFC#, OFC #, sTC#, HPC#, MTN# | IHC | S100b | ↑*↔# |
Steiner et al.78 | WMSH, HUIN | scz 9 ctr 7 | scz 5/4 ctr 5/2 | scz 68 ctr 65 | None | CO | WB, MS | S100b | ↓ |
Stevens et al.51 | VIBR | scz 5 ctr 7 | NA | NA | NA | CT, PVN | IHC | GFAP | ↔ |
Tkachev et al.57 | SFNC | scz 15 ctr 15 | scz 9/6 ctr 9/6 | scz 44 ctr 48 | scz 4 | PFC (BA9) | PCR | GFAP | ↔ |
Toro et al.71 | SFNC | scz 15 ctr 15 | scz 9/6 ctr 9/6 | scz 45 ctr 48 | scz 4 | PFC* (BA9,32,46) OFC# (BA11/47) | IAR | GFAP | ↑*↓# |
Uranova et al.84 | MHRC | scz 26 ctr 26 | scz 11/15 ctr 21/5 | scz 53 ctr 52 | NA | PFC (BA10) and VC (BA17) | Electron microscopy | Astrocytic end feet | ↑ (except for VC of non p scz) |
Williams et al.67 | CC | scz 10 ctr 19 | scz 5/5 ctr 11/8 | scz 58 ctr 66 | scz 1 | Subgenual cingulate cortex*, CO | IHC | GFAP | ↓ (only in layer I*) |
Williams et al.52 | CC | scz 13 ctr 16 | Scz 6/7 ctr 4/12 | scz 57 ctr 55 | scz 2 | Nucleus basalis | IHC | GFAP | ↔ |
Williams et al.69 | CC | scz 12 ctr 13 | scz 7/4 ctr 9/4 | scz 60 ctr 52 | scz 2 | Substantia nigra | IHC | GFAP | ↓ |
Williams et al.68 | CC | scz 10 ctr 19 | scz 5/5 ctr 11/8 | scz 58 ctr 66 | scz 1 | Subgenual cingulate cortex | IHC | GFAP | ↓ |
Webster et al.56 | SFNC | scz 15 ctr 15 | scz 9/6 ctr 9/6 | scz 44 ctr 48 | scz 4 | DLPFC, HPC | IHC | Phosphorylated GFAP | ↔ (except DLPFC blood vessel labeling) |
Webster et al.76 | SFNC | scz 15 ctr 15 | scz 9/6 ctr 9/6 | scz 45 ctr 48 | scz 4 | ACC (BA24) | Riboprobe and in situ hybridization | GFAP | ↓ (white matter only) |
