Table 4 Cytokine and chemokine in postmortem schizophrenia brain

From: Postmortem evidence of cerebral inflammation in schizophrenia: a systematic review

Author

Brain bank

n

Sex (m/f)

Age

Death from suicide

Brain region

Technique

Inflammatory markers

Results

Dean et al.138

VBBN

scz 19 ctr 20

scz 15/4 ctr 16/4

scz 48 ctr 47

scz 8

DLPFC (BA46), ACC (BA24)

WB, PCR

sTNF-α#, tmTNF-α#, TNF-α receptor 1*,2#

↑*↔#

Durrenberger et al.98

BBPDGU

scz 10 ctr 10

scz 5/5 ctr 5/5

scz 66 ctr 61

NA

TL (BA22)

PCR

IL-13RA1

↓.

Fillman et al.86

NSWTRC

scz 37 ctr 37

scz 24/13 ctr 30/7

scz 51 ctr 51

NA

DLPFC (BA46)

PCR, WB, IHC

IL-8*, IL-6*, IL-1β#

↑*↔#

Fillman et al.139

SMRIAC

scz 35 ctr 35

scz 26/9 ctr 26/9

scz 43 ctr 44

scz 7

Middle frontal gyrus

PCR

IL-6#, IL-8*, IL-1β#, IL18#, TNF-α#

↓*↔#

Harris et al.137

SMRIAC

scz 35 ctr 33

scz 26/9 ctr 25/8

scz 43 ctr 45

NA

BA10

ELISA

IFN-γ

↑

Nakatani et al.96

VIFM

scz 7 ctr 7

scz 3/4 ctr 3/4

scz 61 ctr 61

scz 1

DLPFC (BA46), PC (BA40)

PCR

CCL3

↓

Rao et al.73

HBTRC

scz 10 ctr 10

scz 6/4 ctr 7/3

scz 59 ctr 49

NA

FC (BA10)

PCR, WB

TNF-α, IL-1β

↑

Schmitt et al.94

BBPDGU

scz 10 ctr 10

scz 5/5 ctr 8/2

scz 66 ctr 61

NA

TC (BA22)

PCR

IL-8*, IL-1α*, CCL2#, IL-1β#

↓*↔#

Toyooka et al.136

NA

scz 22 ctr 23

scz 16/6 ctr 14/9

scz 59 ctr 66

NA

PFC (BA46)*, posterior hypothalamic region, PC (BA 1-3), PU

PCR, WB

IL−1β #, IL-1RA*

↓*↔#

Volk et al.155

ACOME

scz 62 ctr 62

scz 47/15 ctr 47/15

scz 48 ctr 49

scz 16

PFC (BA9)

PCR

IL-1β*, IL-6*, IL-8#, IFN-β*

↑*↔#

  1. Abbreviations: ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; BA, ACOME, Allegheny County Office of the Medical Examiner; Brodmann area; BBPDGU, Brain Bank for Psychiatric Diseases at the Gottingen University, CCL, chemokine (c-c motif) ligand; CCR, chemokine (c-c motif) receptor; ctr, control; DLFPC; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; ELISA; enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay; FC, frontal cortex; HBTRC; Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Centre; IHC, IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; NA, not available; NSWTRC; New South Wales Tissue Resource Centre; PC, parietal cortex; PFC, prefrontal cortex; PU, putamen; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; scz, schizophrenia; SMRIAC, Stanley Medical Research Institute Array Collection; sTNF, soluble TNF; TC, temporal cortex; TL, temporal lobe; tmTNF, transmembrane TNF; TNF, Tumor necrosis factor; VBBN, Victorian Brain Bank Network; VIFM, Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine; WB, western blot.
  2. *, # indicate which variables results are representing.