Table 7 Other markers in postmortem schizophrenia brain

From: Postmortem evidence of cerebral inflammation in schizophrenia: a systematic review

Author

Brain bank

n

Sex (m/f)

Age

Death from suicide

Brain region

Technique

Inflammatory markers

Results

Arion et al.157

UPCNMDBB

scz 14 ctr 14

scz 12/2 ctr 12/2

scz 43 ctr 42

scz 3

PFC (BA9)

PCR

SERPINA3, IFITM1, IFITM3, CHI3L1, HSPB1, MT2A

↑

Catts and Weickert161

SMRIAC, NSWTRC

scz 72 ctr 71

scz 50/22 ctr 55/16

scz 47 ctr 48

scz 15

DLPFC*, OFC#

PCR

TNFSF13

↑*, ↔#

Durrenberger et al.98

BBPDGU

scz 10 ctr 10

scz 5/5 ctr 5/5

scz 66 ctr 61

NA

TL (BA22)

PCR

TIMP1, TNFRSF1A, TYROBP

↓

Fillman et al.86

NSWTRC

scz 37 ctr 37

scz 24/13 ctr 26/9

scz 51 ctr 48

NA

DLPFC (BA46)

PCR

NFκB#, SERPINA3*, IL6ST#

↑*↔#

Fillman et al.139

SMRIAC

scz 35 ctr 35

scz 26/9 ctr 26/9

scz 43 ctr 44

scz 7

Middle frontal gyrus

PCR

SERPINA3*, IL-1 RL1#

↑*↔#

Harris et al.137

SMRIAC

scz 35 ctr 33

scz 26/9 ctr 25/8

scz 43 ctr 45

NA

BA10

ELISA

TIMP1

↔

Hwang et al.77

SNFC, SMRIAC

scz 33 ctr 34

scz 23/10 ctr 23/11

scz 44 ctr 46

NA

HPC

PCR

CD163, S100a8, S100a9, IFITM1, IFITM2, IFITM3

↑

Iwamoto et al.158

SFNC

scz 13 ctr 15

scz 8/5 ctr 9/6

scz 44 ctr 48

scz 4

PFC (BA10)

PCR

IFITM3

↑

Rao et al.73

HBTRC

scz 10 ctr 10

scz 6/4 ctr 7/3

scz 59 ctr 49

NA

FC (BA10)

PCR, WB

IL-1R#, NFκBp50*, NFκBp65*, iNOS#

↑*↔#

Saetre et al.93

SFNC, HBTRC, MBB

scz 55 ctr 55

NA

scz 59 ctr 55

NA

FC (BA8 and 9), superior frontal gyrus

PCR

IFITM2, IFITM3, SERPINA3, GPB1

↑

Schmitt et al.94

BBPDGU

scz 10 ctr 10

scz 5/5 ctr 8/2

scz 66 ctr 61

NA

TC (BA22)

PCR

LPL*, CFD*, PTGER4*, EDG3* ITGA1#, LCP1#, LTC4S#, MTHFD2#, SOD2#, CCR1#, IL1RAP#, IFI16#, IFNAR2#, CD84#, GPX#

↓* ↔#

Shao and Vawter160

SMRIAC

scz 32 ctr 27

scz 23/9 ctr 23/6

scz 43 ctr 44

NA

DLPFC (BA46)

PCR

TNFSF8, TNFSF10

↔

Siegel et al.159

ACOME

scz 57 ctr 57

scz 42/15 ctr 42/15

scz 47 ctr 48

scz 16

PFC (BA9)

PCR, in situ hybridization

IFITM1, IFITM2/3

↑

Sun et al.156

SFNC

NA

NA

NA

NA

FC

PCR

NFκB2

↔

Thomas et al.154

SFNC

scz 15 ctr 15

scz 9/6 ctr 9/6

scz 45 ctr 48

scz 4

DLFPC (BA9,46), ACC (BA24)

IHC

ICAM-1

↔

Volk et al.155

ACOME

scz 62 ctr 62

scz 47/15 ctr 47/15

scz 48 ctr 49

scz 16

PFC (BA9)

PCR

NFκB1#, NFκB2#, Shn-2*

↓*↑#

  1. Abbreviations: ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; ACOME, Allegheny County Office of the Medical Examiner; APOL, apoliprotein L; BA, Brodmann area; BBPDGU, Brain Bank for Psychiatric Diseases at the Gottingen University; CCR, chemokine (c-c motif) receptor: CD, cluster of differentiation; CFD, complement factor D; CHI3L1, chitinase-3 like protein 1; ctr, control; DLFPC; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; EDG3, endothelial differentiation, sphingolipid g-coupled-receptor; FC, frontal cortex; GPX, glutathione peroxidase; GPB, guanylate binding protein; HBTRC, Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Centre; HPC, hippocampus; HSPB, heat shock protein beta; ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule; IFI, interferon gamma-inducible; IFITM; interferon-induced transmembrane; IFNAR, interferon (alpha, beta and omega) receptor: IHC, immunohistochemistry; IL1RAP; interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein; IL1RL, interleukin 1 receptor like; IL6ST, glycoprotein 130; ITGA, integrin alpha; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide; LCP, lymphocyte cytosolic protein; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; LTC4S, leukotriene C4 synthase; MBB, Maudsley Brain Bank; MT2A, metallothionein 2A; MTHFD, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase; NA, not available; NFκB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; NSWTRC; New South Wales Tissue Resource Centre; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; scz, schizophrenia; PFC, prefrontal cortex; PTGER, prostaglandin E receptor 4; SERPIN, serine protease inhibitor; SFNC; Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium; Shn-2, Schnurri-2; SMRIAC, Stanley Medical Research Institute Array Collection; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TC, temporal cortex; TIMP; tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases; TL, Temporal lobe; TNFSF, tumor necrosis factor superfamily; TYROBP, TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein; UPCNMDBB, University of Pittsburgh’s center for the neuroscience of mental disorder brain bank.
  2. *, # indicate which variables results are representing.