Extended Data Figure 2: Heterodyne measurement experimental set-up.
From: Coherent suppression of electromagnetic dissipation due to superconducting quasiparticles

Schematic diagram of experimental set-up to perform heterodyne measurement, involving an interferometric measurement, which compares a microwave signal going through the device under test with a signal bypassing the device. Two microwave generators (cavity and LO) are mixed together to produce a lower frequency tone at the difference frequency, ωIF, that can be digitized in the computer. The additional (qubit) microwave generator can be used to stimulate the device and the effect on the cavity transmission can be measured.