Extended Data Figure 1: Performance during baseline blocks.
a, Histograms of success rate during the baseline blocks on days when the perturbation would later be within-manifold (red) and outside-manifold (blue) for monkey J (top) and monkey L (bottom). For days with multiple perturbation sessions, the data are coloured according to the first perturbation type. Dashed lines, means of distributions; solid lines, mean ± s.e.m. b, Histograms of target acquisition time during baseline blocks. Number of days for panels a and b: within-manifold perturbations, n = 27 (monkey J), 14 (monkey L); outside-manifold perturbations, n = 31 (monkey J), 14 (monkey L). c, Sample cursor trajectories to all eight targets. At the beginning of each day, the monkeys used the intuitive mapping for 250–400 trials. The monkeys were able to use these mappings to control the cursor proficiently from the outset (as measured by success rate and acquisition time). On all sessions, the success rates were near 100%, and the acquisition times were between 800 and 1,000 ms. No performance metrics during the baseline blocks were significantly different between within-manifold perturbation sessions and outside-manifold perturbation sessions (P > 0.05; success rate, Wilcoxon rank-sum test; acquisition time, two-tailed Student's t-test).
