Extended Data Figure 1: Long gene expression is enriched in the brain.

a, GO term analysis of genes >150 kb relative to all human genes. All GO terms are associated with enrichment scores >2. b, The log₂-fold gene expression ratios following DESeq¹⁹ analysis of all human protein-coding genes between the brain and all other tissues. Data are represented as Loess smoothing curves after the genes by their maximum length in kilobases. Hashed vertical line indicates 150 kb gene length. RNA-seq data was obtained from the GTEX consortium. c, Individual scatterplots used to create Fig. 1b and representing DESeq¹⁹ analysis of individual genes within indicated tissues compared to the brain. Red dots indicate genes that contain RS-sites, blue dots indicate dystrophin, and black dots indicate titin (two long genes most highly expressed in muscle tissues). Grey dots are all remaining genes. d, DESeq¹⁹ analysis of individual gene expression after vs before differentiation of C2C12 mouse myoblasts (GSM521256) into myogenic lineage (GSM521259)²⁹, after vs before differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (GSM1346027) into motor neurons (GSM1346035)³⁰, or after vs before differentiation of haematopoietic stem cells (GSM992931) into erythroid lineage (GSM992934)³¹. Loess smoothing curves are shown after sorting the genes by their maximum length in kilobases. Hashed vertical line indicates 150 kb gene length.