Extended Data Figure 4: Feeding status and microbiota composition during the first year of life.
From: Development of the gut microbiota and mucosal IgA responses in twins and gnotobiotic mice
a, The proportion of all feedings on the day of faecal sampling that consisted of either formula or breast milk (n = 746 observations). b, Microbiota age, defined by the sparse RF-derived model, compared for participants that were predominantly breast fed (≥50% of milk feeding) or predominantly formula fed across different age bins. Mean values + s.e.m. are plotted (n = 681 faecal samples). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 (Mann–Whitney U-test). c, Aggregate percentage relative abundance of age-discriminatory bifidobacteria included in the sparse RF-derived model; differences in their representation in the faecal microbiota as a function of breast or formula feeding evaluated in each age bin are shown. Horizontal lines within each column represent the median values; the horizontal dashed line represents the lower limit of detection. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 (Mann–Whitney U-test comparing samples obtained from breast versus formula fed individuals; n = 681 faecal samples).
