Extended Data Figure 10: Signature genes and cell-cycle heterogeneity of pre-HSCs.

a, Heat map of 98 pre-HSC signature genes in various cell types. b, Distribution of biological process GO terms of the annotated pre-HSC signature genes. c, Network view of transcription factors in pre-HSC signature genes. A deeper background colour of the gene names indicates higher correlations of transcription factors to the signature gene expression pattern. Highlights in red font represent transcription factors in 98 pre-HSC signature genes. d, Heat map representation of different cell-cycle status in pre-HSCs and adult HSCs. Q, quiescent; P, proliferative. Numbers within brackets indicate the number of single-cell RNA-seq samples. e, Cell-cycle status analysis of the CD31⁺CD41^lowCD45⁻ population by Ki67/7-AAD staining. f, Distinct proliferation capacities of single T1 (CD31⁺CD45⁻CD41^lowc-Kit⁺ CD201^high) and T2 (CD31⁺CD45⁺c-Kit⁺CD201^high) pre-HSCs. The single-cell co-cultures show differential proliferation capacities in vitro, from − /low, medium (hundreds of progeny cells), to high (>1,000 progeny cells) degree. Of note, 11 of the 12 repopulated recipients (four T1 and seven T2 pre-HSCs) received the single-cell co-cultures with high proliferation capacity, and the remaining one (T1 pre-HSC) with medium proliferation capacity.