Extended Data Figure 4: Potent antitumour immunity and rejection of advanced aggressively growing tumours in mice conferred by RNA-LPX vaccines.

a, B16-OVA melanoma load in lungs of C57BL/6 mice (n = 8) immunized i.v. (days 4, 7, 11) with OVA-LPX or irrelevant (eGFP)-LPX. b, Expression of activation markers measured 24 h after i.v. injection of 40 μg irrelevant (empty vector)-LPX, eGFP-LPX or OVA-LPX by flow cytometry in splenic immune cell subsets (n = 3) and IFNα serum levels (n = 3) 6 h after injection in C57BL/6 mice. c, Bioluminescence signal of tumours in different groups before immunization and on day 25 (upper left), tumour load and lung weights (upper right) and TRP-1-specific CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T-cell responses in spleens of control (untreated), irrelevant (empty vector)-LPX and TRP-1-LPX-immunized B6 albino mice (n = 12) on day 25 detected by ELISPOT assay (bottom), depicted in Fig. 3b. d, Bioluminescence imaging of CT26-Luc carcinoma in BALB/c mice (n = 4–7) depicted in Fig. 3c (left). e, TC-1-Luc tumour growth in C57BL/6 mice (n = 10) (left), depicted in Fig. 3d, and remission of established advanced TC-1-Luc tumours in C57BL/6 mice (n = 10) immunized i.v. with 40 μg E6/E7-LPX (day 13, 20, 27) (right). f, Survival of BALB/c mice rechallenged with CT26-Luc colon carcinoma cells on day 109, depicted in Fig. 3e. Significance was determined using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (c), two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test (d), paired two-tailed Student’s t-test (f, right), unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test (f, far right), and log-rank test (f, left). Error bars, median with interquartile range (d), mean ± s.d. otherwise.