Extended Data Figure 4: Radial velocity curves of simulated data.

a, Same as Fig. 2a for the simulated data described in Extended Data Fig. 3a (using the same brightness map, differential rotation and planet parameters as those of V830 Tau b). The simulated radial velocities (periodograms shown in Extended Data Fig. 3a) share obvious similarities with the observed ones, and the planet signal is safely recovered (root-mean-square dispersion of residual radial velocities equal to 45 m s⁻¹). b, Same as the middle panel of a but with no planet included. As for the periodogram (see Extended Data Fig. 3b, bottom panel), no signal is detected, further illustrating that activity induces no spurious planet signature. As for Fig. 2, simulated radial velocity measurements are depicted in all panels with their 1σ error bars.