Extended Data Figure 3: HFD-fed rats exhibit increased GSIS driven by increased acetate turnover.
From: Acetate mediates a microbiome–brain–β-cell axis to promote metabolic syndrome
a, b, Plasma glucose and glucose infusion rate during a hyperglycaemic clamp. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 versus chow-fed rats. c, Plasma insulin area under the curve (AUC) during the hyperglycaemic clamp. d, Plasma acetate. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 versus 2 μmol kg−1 min−1 acetate; §§§§P < 0.0001 versus 8 μmol kg−1 min−1 acetate. e, f, Plasma glucose and glucose infusion rate during a hyperglycaemic clamp. g, Plasma insulin AUC during the clamp. h, i, Plasma butyrate and whole-body butyrate turnover. *P < 0.05, ****P < 0.0001. j, k, Plasma glucose and glucose infusion rate during a hyperglycaemic clamp. l, m, Plasma insulin concentrations during the hyperglycaemic clamp, and plasma insulin AUC. In all panels, data are the mean ± s.e.m. of n = 6 animals per group, with comparisons by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test (a–g) or two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test (h–m).
