Extended Data Figure 6: Histograms of the topological charge from fixed sector simulations for Q = 0–8.

The relative fraction of configurations in each bin is plotted. The sector boundaries are defined using a z factor, as described in the text. Note that the relative weights between the histograms are not included in the plot. These can be determined from the fixed sector integral technique. The plot shows pure gauge theory simulations at a temperature of T = 5T_c. Colour coding: red, 8 × 16³ lattice with fixed topological charges Q = 0–8; green, 8 × 32³ lattice with fixed Q = 1; blue, 8 × 64³ lattice with fixed Q = 8.