Extended Data Figure 3: Data related to Fig. 3, and neuronal responses of identified units to tone on day 3.

a, Positions of electrode lesions and fibre tips for data presented in Fig. 3. Electrolytic lesions were made at the tip of one wire (see Methods) and placements were determined using standard histological techniques. Lesions were matched to a mouse brain atlas. Mouse brain figure reproduced with permission from ref. 31. b, Raster plots and peri-event histograms of firing rate for example neurons from each condition illustrating Arch-mediated inhibition, or ChR2-mediated excitation, of CEl CRF⁺ and SOM⁺ cells (an example from the CRF–ChR2 group is presented in Fig. 3). c, Latency to activation/inhibition plotted against z scores for all CRF⁺ and SOM⁺ neurons. Average latency: CRF⁺ = 5.25 ± 0.88 ms; SOM⁺ = 4.6 ± 0.9 ms. d, Left, waveforms of action potentials were unchanged by light for all unidentified units recorded in Arch-expressing mice with identified units. Centre, firing rates of unidentified units before, during, and after light, illustrating that the light pulses had no effect on unidentified unit activity. Right, z-score transformation of unidentified unit activity during and after light pulses. e–j, Normalized activity (z score, bottom) and example raster plots (top) of CEl CRF⁺ or SOM⁺ neurons to the tone component of the SCS. e, Neuronal response to the tone component for CRF⁺ neurons (n = 8) during pre-exposure (day 1). Pre-SCS firing rate: 4.5 ± 1.3 spikes per s. f, CRF⁺ neurons were not significantly activated by the pure tone on day 3 of the flight paradigm (n = 8). Pre-SCS firing rate: 5.5 ± 2 spikes per s. g, There was no significant activation of CRF⁺ cells to the tone in the neutral context (n = 7). Pre-SCS firing rate: 5.4 ± 2.3 spikes per s. h, SOM⁺ neuronal activity (n = 10) was not significantly changed in response to the tone during the pre-exposure session (day 1). Pre-SCS firing rate: 2.7 ± 0.6 spikes per s. i, Neuronal responses of SOM⁺ neurons to the tone on day 3 of the flight paradigm (n = 10). Pre-SCS firing rate: 5.8 ± 1.3 spikes per s. These higher firing rates are consistent with the pre-SCS contextual freezing observed on this day. j, SOM⁺ cells (n = 8) are excited by the tone in the neutral context. Pre-SCS firing rate: 2.1 ± 0.4 spikes per s. Values are means ± s.e.m.

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