Figure 2: Sunflower evolutionary history.
From: The sunflower genome provides insights into oil metabolism, flowering and Asterid evolution
a, Evolutionary scenario of the Asterids (sunflower, artichoke, lettuce and coffee) from the AEKs of 21 (post-WGT-γ) and 7 (pre-WGT-γ) protochromosomes. The modern genomes are illustrated at the bottom with the different colours reflecting the origin from the seven ancestral chromosomes from the n = 7 AEK (top). Polyploidization events are shown with coloured dots (duplications) and stars (triplications), along with the shuffling events (fusions and fissions). The time scale is shown on the left (million years). b, Ks distributions. Left y axis, sunflower paralogues (black); right y axis, coffee paralogues (orange), artichoke paralogues (blue) and sunflower–coffee orthologues (purple). Polyploidization (WGT-1, WGD-2 and WGT-γ) and speciation (sunflower–coffee) events are referenced on the x axis. c, Dot plots of paralogues in sunflower, artichoke and coffee genomes illustrating, respectively, WGD-2 (1–2 chromosomal relationships in red circles), WGT-1 (1–3 relationships in blue circles) and WGT-γ (1–3 relationships in brown circles) events.
