Extended Data Figure 6: Robust induction of cmPGCs from cells during mesendoderm differentiation.

a, Schematic of in vitro differentiation of cmPSCs. The same system was adopted as shown for conv-hPSCs differentiation in Fig. 3. b, Bright field image of undifferentiated cmPSCs. c, Immunostaining of day 2 embryoids induced with cytokines from cells at 0 h (cmPSCs), 12 h and 24 h during mesendoderm differentiation. Dashed lines highlight SOX17⁺BLIMP1⁺TFAP2C⁺ cmPGCs. Scale bar, 50 μm. d, Immunostaining of day 2 pre-ME-derived embryoids (12 h) in Extended Data Fig. 6c for pluripotency markers. Notably, cmPGCs express SOX17, but not SOX2. By contrast, cmPSC colonies express SOX2 but not SOX17. e, Immunostaining of day 2 monkey definitive endoderm induced from pre-ME (12 h) and mesendoderm (24 h). Scale bar, 50 μm. f, Immunostaining of day 1 monkey lateral mesoderm induced from mesendoderm (24 h). Mesendoderm were induced with or without BMP. Notably, adding BMP during mesendoderm differentiation increased the efficiency for FOXF1⁺HAND1⁺ lateral mesoderm cells, as shown in conv-hPSCs (Extended Data Fig. 5e–i). Scale bar, 50 μm.