Extended Data Figure 4: Elemental abundances of the Perseus cluster core from different X-ray measurements.

Relative abundances with respect to Fe (X/Fe, X = Si, S, Ar, Ca, Cr, Mn, Ni) normalized to the corresponding solar abundances²⁵ (dashed line). The red circles are identical to those in Fig. 2 and represent the SXS measurements, with error bars that include both the 1σ statistical uncertainty and systematic uncertainty. The red diamonds show the same SXS measurements analysed with an outdated atomic model that was used in the XMM-Newton study. The blue triangles represent the XMM-Newton results¹¹, as in Fig. 2. The green squares are abundances obtained from Suzaku observations of the innermost 2′ region of the Perseus cluster³⁹, converted using the updated solar abundance table²⁵ for direct comparison with the other measurements. The error bars are also converted to represent the statistical uncertainty at a 1σ confidence level.