Figure 2: Spatio-temporal propagation of cascading overload failures in simulations.
From: Spatio-temporal propagation of cascading overload failures in spatially embedded networks
(a,b) are the spreading radius rc(t) of failures and amount of failures at each step, Fr(t), as a function of time for α=0.25, σ=0.1 and l=6. (c,d) are the results of rc and Fr scaled by the system size, including L=70 (triangle), L=80 (square), L=90 (circle) and L=100 (diamond), respectively. The results are obtained by averaging over fifty realizations. Note that simulations are limited by the computational complexity of the most efficient algorithm for calculating node betweenness, which is O(NM+N2logN) for weighted networks, where N is the system size and M is the number of edges (NM is the order of N2 for sparse network).
