Figure 5: Radial profiles of relativistic electron phase space densities for six outer radiation belt passages.
From: Ultra-low-frequency wave-driven diffusion of radiation belt relativistic electrons

Each colour-coded profile shows the L*-dependent phase space density F at the fixed first adiabatic invariant μ=700 MeV G−1 and second adiabatic invariant K=0.15 REG1/2 during a passage. The corresponding energies were about 1.0 MeV at L*=5.5 and 2.5 MeV at L*=3.4, and the corresponding local pitch angles were 40°–70°. (a) Observations (lines) from MagEIS and REPT instruments in the TS04D geomagnetic field model. (b) Simulations (lines) from the radial diffusion equation, overplotted with the observations (circles) for ease of comparison.