Figure 2: Equivalent circuit of series-connected OSCs with an SCR unit cell.

(a) The circuit comprised of two OSC unit cells with an SCR unit cell. (b) J–V characteristic of an SCR unit cell (Ag/MoO3/ZnO/ITO) in the dark. (c) The Nyquist plot obtained from the EIS analysis of SCR (Ag/MoO3/ZnO/ITO). (d,e) The J–V characteristics (d) and performance deviations (e) of OSCs with an SCR unit cell under AM 1.5G with 100 mW cm−2 (PCE0 pertains to OSCs without any unit cell, boxes are measured values and rectangular points are average values).