Table 1 Primary geochronological data for sites with burnt Genyornis eggshell.

From: Human predation contributed to the extinction of the Australian megafaunal bird Genyornis newtoni ∼47 ka

Region

Site

MAT (°C)

OSL±1σ (ka)

14 C (conv)±1σ

Cal BP −1σ

Cal BP +1σ

Avg A/I±1σ (n)

Geochronology for sites with burnt Genyornis eggshell

 B

Cardabia Sliver

24.3

 

44,110±1,430

45,974

48,753

0.67±0.01 (4)

 W

Fabulous

23.4

53.6±4.4

40,060±860

43,008

44,410

0.66±0.01 (3)

 W

Z-Blowout

23.4

47.9±2.3

40,850±960

43,504

45,145

0.57±0.01 (3)

 W

Upper 12-Mile

23.4

45.3±3.5

45,360±1,660

47,445

>50,000

0.67±0.01 (4)

 GN

Small Slot

23.2

 

>44,350

>48,040

 

0.58±0.02 (10)

 Q

Borrow Pit

23.0

 

>41,800

>45,380

 

0.57±0.01 (4)

 Q

Sunset-1

23.0

47.2±3.5

48,790±3,640

47,444

>50,000

0.58±0.01 (6)

 E

Williams Point

21.1

50.8±3.3

44,630±1,520

46,517

49,283

0.51±0.02 (26)

 PB

Wood Point

17.9

55.0±5.0

42,400±1,760

44,094

47,419

0.37±0.01 (19)

 A

Outer Arumpo

17.1

 

39,830±840

42,864

44,220

0.34±0.01 (6)

 GA

Garnpung

17.1

43.1±1.6

42,010±1,100

44,317

46,310

0.34±0.01 (9)

 WL

Wallaroo

17.0

 

42,630±1,190

44,752

47,035

0.35±0.01 (3)

 D

Perry Sandhills

16.8

 

42,600±1,900

44,630

47,132

0.34±0.01 (7)

Geochronology for sites with Genyornis lacking burnt fragments, but with low A/I for their MAT

 B

Ningaloo

24.3

 

45,060±930

47,438

49,427

0.67±0.03 (3)

 W

11-Mile

23.4

47.3±4.9

   

0.68±0.01 (8)

 Q

Sunset-2

23.0

52.1±4.8

   

0.67±0.03 (11)

 E

Williams Point

21.0

 

42,830±880

45,194

46,874

0.51±0.02 (26)

 E

Williams Point

21.0

 

45,440±1,210

47,776

49,877

0.51±0.02 (26)

 E

Hunt Peninsula

21.0

 

42,930±720

45,410

46,792

0.49±0.02 (3)

 E

North Harbour

21.0

59.1±3.9

40,800±580

43,773

44,863

0.52±0.02 (4)

 S

Geny Heaven

19.1

 

42,250±360

43,329

45,871

0.37±0.01 (3)

 S

Coopers Dune

19.1

44.7±2.1

   

0.39±0.01 (25)

 S

Mystery Is. Sp1

19.1

55.5±2.3

43,770±630

46,240

47,664

0.46±0.03 (16)

 S

Mystery Is. Sp2

19.1

47.3±1.7

   

0.51±0.08 (5)

 S

Flinders North

19.1

55.0±3.0

   

0.43±0.01 (4)

 D

Nialia Lake

17.1

 

46,600±2,600

>50,000

 

0.35±0.01 (4)

 D

Tandou; Buffy Sand

17.1

 

46,000±790

48,768

>50,000

0.43±0.01 (4)

 D

Tandou; Double Red

17.1

 

43,230±590

45,790

47,005

0.39±0.01 (2)

 D

Kangaroo Lake

17.1

 

50,330±1,300

>49,000

 

0.47±0.01 (5)

 D

Menindee

17.1

51.0±4.6

   

0.56±0.04 (12)

 D

Lake Victoria

16.8

 

>44,400

>47,637

 

0.41±0.01 (4)

 

Mean OSL age

 

51.5±4.9

    

Geochronology for sites with Genyornis known to be >70 ka

 B

George’s Dune

24.3

 

42,390±110

  

0.88±0.02 6)

 W

Lower 12-Mile

23.4

89±8

45,040±140

  

1.00±0.01 (3)

  1. Two sites known by AAR (B, W) and/or OSL (W) to be more than 70 ka, returned 14C ages similar to ages on burnt Genyornis eggshell that are known to be much younger (OSL), documenting the limitations of 14C dating of eggshell carbonate that is more than 40 ka. A/I, D-alloisoleucine to L-isoleucine; Avg, average; MAT, mean annual temperature; OSL, optically stimulated luminescence; Cal BP, calibrated years before present; A: Arumpo Station, NSW; B: Bullara, Ningaloo, and Cardabia stations, WA; D: Lower Darling River, NSW; E: Lake Eyre, SA; GA: Garnpung Station, NSW; GN: Sites on and around Gnaraloo Station, WA; PB: Port Broughton, SA; Q: Sites on and around Quobba Station, WA; WL: Wallaroo, SA; W: Sites on and around Warroora Station, WA.
  2. Sites are ordered in each panel by their current MAT. 14C dates calibrated with Calib 7.1 and SHcal13.
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