Figure 3: Immunization with a non-self Ag in IFA induces increased numbers of Tfr.

(a) WT mice immunized with 1W1K emulsified in CFA or IFA. dLNs were harvested for the detection of 1W1K-specific CD4+ T cells (CD44+ 1W1K-I-Ab+) and follicular cells (CXCR5+ PD-1+). Tfr cells (1W1K-I-Ab+ CXCR5+ PD-1+ Foxp3+) were identified within total 1W1K-specific follicular cells. (b) Absolute numbers of total 1W1K-specific Tfh cells and Tfr cells over time in dLN after immunization with CFA (open circle) or IFA (solid circle). (c) Neuropilin-1lo expression among 1W1K-specific Tfr cells 7 days after immunization with CFA (white circles) or IFA (black circles). Data are from one experiment of six mice per strain and are representative of three independent experiments. Data were analysed using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney test *P<0.05, **P<0.01, mean±s.e.m.