Table 3 Three genetic loci associated with spherical equivalent with a significant SNP × education interaction in Asians and results in European populations.

SNP (Chr:BP)	Gene	Allele	FREQ	Subgroup		Asians (n=10,315)			Europeans (n=40,036)
					β	P-value	P _het	β	P-value	P _het
rs12511037* (4:75334864)	AREG	C/T	0.91/0.95	Lower education	0.07	0.243		−0.05	0.323
				Higher education	−0.70	1.97 × 10⁻¹⁰		−0.03	0.579
				SNP × education	−0.89	6.87 × 10⁻¹¹	0.704	0.02	0.176	0.284
				JMA		5.55 × 10⁻¹⁰	0.405		0.527	0.186
rs13215566 (6:89918638)	GABRR1	C/G	0.94/0.84	Lower education	−0.13	0.030		−0.03	0.258
				Higher education	−0.68	1.46 × 10⁻⁸		−0.01	0.817
				SNP × education	−0.56	8.48 × 10⁻⁵	0.134	−0.02	0.459	0.457
				JMA		3.81 × 10⁻⁸	0.122		0.502	0.630
rs12206610 6:166016800	PDE10A	C/T	0.90/0.87	Lower education	0.16	0.008		0.01	0.759
				Higher education	−0.59	8.16 × 10⁻⁸		0.01	0.810
				SNP × education	−0.72	2.32 × 10⁻⁸	0.920	−0.002	0.421	0.111
				JMA		9.21 × 10⁻⁹	0.902		0.954	0.305

β (higher education/lower education), β-coefficient corresponds to the effect in spherical equivalent (dioptres) for 1 additional copy of the effect allele in the higher/lower education group; β (SNP × education), β-coefficient corresponds to the difference in spherical equivalent (dioptres) for 1 additional copy of the effect allele in the higher versus lower education group; FREQ, allele frequency of the effect allele in Asian/European cohorts; JMA, joint meta-analysis on SNP effect and SNP × education interaction effect on spherical equivalent; LD, linkage disequilibrium; P_het, P-value for the test of heterogeneity; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism.
β and P-values for SNP × education interaction were calculated by the meta-analysis of conducting a 1df Wald’s test of single interaction parameter. Allele is listed as effect allele/other allele.
^*SNP rs12511037 was not present in European studies after quality control. Here we present the results of a proxy SNP rs1246413 (T/G, frequency of risk allele T=0.95) in LD with rs12511037 (r²=0.97).

Search