Figure 2: Experimental and numerical demonstration of acoustic microstreaming.
From: Rotational manipulation of single cells and organisms using acoustic waves
(a) An optical image of acoustic microstreaming in the x-y plane during microbubble oscillation at a driving frequency of 24 kHz and voltage of 10 Vpp. (b) A simulation of microstreaming from the x-y plane (top view) of the microbubble. (c) An optical image of out-of-plane (perpendicular to the x-y plane) microstreaming during microbubble oscillation at 25.5 kHz and 15 Vpp. (d) 3D sketch demonstrating in-plane (marked in red) and out-of-plane (marked in blue) acoustic microstreaming vortices at frequency f1 and f2, respectively. (e) A graphic simulation illustrating microstreaming in the y-z plane (side view) of an asymmetric microbubble. Scale bars=30 μm. In both b and e, the arrows indicate the direction of the streaming velocity, while the colour plot shows the magnitude of the streaming velocity ranging from white (min) to black (max).
