Figure 3: Applications of photochromic carbon-based nanomaterials in molecular junctions (upper images) and transistors (lower images).

Amide formation is used (a) to bridge two CNTs with a diarylethene molecule. Adapted from ref. 82 (Copyright 2007 American Chemical Society) and (b) to connect covalently two graphene point contacts with an azobenzene molecule. Adapted from ref. 84 (Copyright 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.). (c) Spiropyrans derivatized with either alkane or pyrene groups were physisorbed on CNTs. Adapted from ref. 89 (Copyright 2005 American Chemical Society). (d) A graphene-based field-effect transistor functionalized with pyrene-substituted spiropyrans. Adapted from ref. 94 (Copyright 2012 American Chemical Society).