Figure 3: Evaluation of the causative role of the Lp(a) on the circulating metabolic measures via Mendelian randomization.

Yellow linear regression estimates are observational associations, blue are GRSLp(a) estimates and red are the causal effect estimates. Those metabolic traits are listed for which the associations in the meta-analysis were significant with genome-wide threshold (P<2.3 × 10−9). Metabolite abbreviations are given in Supplementary Table 1.