Figure 5: The anti-angiogenic and antitumour effects of miR-192 in renal tumours.

(a) Kaplan–Meier plot for OS based on tumoral miR-192 expression for patients with renal tumours in TCGA KIRC data set (n=413, log-rank test). (b) EGR1 and HOXB9 levels in RCC4 and A498 cells at 24 h following control miRNA or miR-192 treatment (n=3, Student’s t-test). (c) The effect of miR-192 on levels of key angiogenic factors in A498-EV and A498-EGR1+HOXB9 cells (n=3, Student’s t-test). IL6, IL8 and EFNA1 are among the angiogenic factors that are most significantly downregulated by miR-192 in A498 cells. (d) Tube formation potential of RF24 cells following incubation with conditioned media collected from control miRNA or miR-192 treated A498-EV or A498-EGR1+HOXB9 cells. Bar graph (right) shows the quantitative analyses of number of nodes per HPF (n=5, Student’s t-test). (e) The effect of miR-192 on tumour burden in mice bearing luciferase-labelled A498-EV or A498-EGR1+HOXB9 tumours. The graph (left) shows quantitative assessment of the total absolute luciferase signal (photons s⁻¹ cm⁻² sr⁻¹, n=10, student t-test). Representative images from each treatment group are shown (right). Scale bar, 100 μm. All bars and error bars represent mean values and the corresponding SEMs. (*P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; and ****P<0.0001).