Figure 5: Morphology of the discharged composite electrodes after cycling.

(a–f) SEM images of the cycled composite electrodes based on Al2O3/C, CeO2/C, La2O3/C, MgO/C, CaO/C and carbon nanostructures, respectively. (g–l) Top view and (m–r) cross-sectional SEM images show typical Al2O3/C, CeO2/C, La2O3/C, MgO/C, CaO/C and C nanostructures after cycling, respectively. Scale bars=10μm (a–f) and 1 μm (g–r).